(Dromaeosauridae,(Archaeopteryx,((Shenzhouraptor,(Jeholornis,((((Jianchangornis,(Archaeorhynchus,((((Gansus,((Ambiortus,Apsaravis),((Ichthyornis,(Waimanu,((Columba,((Anas,Gallus),(Gallinuloides,Vegavis))),(Crypturellus,Limenavis,Lithornis)))),(Enaliornis,(Baptornis_advenus,(Baptornis_varneri,(Hesperornis,Parahesperornis))))))),(Yixianornis,(Hollanda,Songlingornis,Yanornis))),(Hongshanornis,Longicrusavis)),(Zhongjianornis,(Patagopteryx,(Chaoyangia,Schizooura,Vorona)))))),((Otogornis,((Boluochia,Longipteryx),(Rapaxavis,(Iberomesornis,(Longirostravis,Shanweiniao,(Gobipteryx,((Neuquenornis,(Eoenantiornis,(Concornis,(Eocathayornis,(Cathyaornis,(Eoalulavis,Liaoningornis)))))),(Pengornis,Vescornis)))))))),(Elsornis,Protopteryx))),(Zhongornis,(Eoconfuciusornis,(Changchengornis,Confuciusornis_dui,Confuciusornis_sanctus,Jinzhouornis)))),(Didactylornis,Sapeornis)))),(Jixiangornis,(Rahonavis,Shenqiornis)))));