(Dromaeosauridae,(Archaeopteryx,((Shenzhouraptor,(Jeholornis,(((Sapeornis,Didactylornis),((Archaeorhynchus,(Chaoyangia,(Jianchangornis,((Vorona,(Zhongjianornis,Schizooura)),(Patagopteryx,(((Yixianornis,(Hollanda,(Songlingornis,Yanornis))),(Gansus,((Ambiortus,Apsaravis),((Limenavis,(Ichthyornis,(Vegavis,(Anas,Gallus)))),(Enaliornis,(Baptornis_advenus,(Baptornis_varneri,(Hesperornis,Parahesperornis)))))))),(Longicrusavis,Hongshanornis))))))),(Protopteryx,(Elsornis,((Shenqiornis,((Eocathayornis,((Boluochia,Longipteryx),((Iberomesornis,Rapaxavis),(Longirostravis,Shanweiniao)))),(Otogornis,((Eoenantiornis,((Cathayornis,Concornis),(Eoalulavis,Liaoningornis))),(Neuquenornis,(Gobipteryx,Vescornis)))))),((Pengornis_houi,IVPP_V18687),(IVPP_V18632,Eopengornis_martini))))))),(Eoconfuciusornis,((Confuciusornis_sanctus,Changchengornis),(Jinzhouornis,Confuciusornis_dui)))))),(Rahonavis,Jixiangornis))));