DromaeosauridaeArchaeopteryxJeholornisRahonavisShenzhouraptorJixiangornisZhongornisSapeornisDidactylornisConfuciusornis_sanctusChangchengornisEoconfuciusornisJinzhouornis_zhangjiyingiaConfuciusornis_duiChaoyangiaZhongjianornisBoluochiaShenqiornisCathyaornisConcornisElsornisEoalulavisEocathayornisEoenantiornisGobipteryxIberomesornisLongipteryxLongirostravisNeuquenornisOtogornisPengornisProtopteryxRapaxavisShanweiniaoVescornisVoronaEoornithuraJianchangornisArchaeorhynchusLiaoningornisSonglingornisAmbiortusLongicrusavisApsaravisHongshanornisYanornisPatagopteryxHollandaYixianornisGansusIchthyornisHesperornisParahesperornisEnaliornisBaptornis_advenusBaptornis_varneriLimenavisVegavisAnasGallusOsteologyMaximum ParsimonyBased on reanalysis of the original matrix.OConnor_et_Zhou_2013a