DromaeosauridaeArchaeopteryx_lithographicaJeholornis_primaSapeornis_chaoyangensisConfuciusornis_sanctusSonglingornis_linghensisPatagopteryx_deferrariisiVorona_berivotrensisYixianornis_grabauiYanornis_martiniHongshanornis_longicrestaArchaeorynchus_spathulaHesperornis_regalisBaptornis_adventusPengornis_houiProtopteryx_feingoldiCathayornis_yandicaConcornis_lacustrisNeuquenornis_volansGobipteryx_minutaAvisaurus_archibaldiEnantiornithine_AEnantiornithine_BHesperornithiform_AHesperornithiform_BApsaravis_ukhaanaPalintropus_retususIchthyornis_disparIaceornis_marshiiCeramornis_majorCimolopteryx_raraCimolopteryx_minimaCimolopteryx_maximaCimolopteryx_petraOrnithurine_AOrnithurine_BOrnithurine_COrnithurine_DOrnithurine_EOrnithurine_FLithornisCrypturellus_undulatusAnas_platyrhynchosChauna_torquataGallus_gallusCrax_pauxiVegavisMaaqwi_cascadensisOsteologyMaximum ParsimonyBased on reanalysis of the original matrix.McLachlan_etal_2017a