(Dromaeosauridae,(Archaeopteryx,(Rahonavis,(Jeholornis,((Sapeornis,((Pengornis,(Elsornis,Eocathayornis,Protopteryx,((Iberomesornis,(Boluochia,Longipteryx),(Shanweiniao,(Longirostravis,Rapaxavis))),((Eoalulavis,Cathayornis,Gobipteryx,Neuquenornis,Vescornis,(Concornis,Qiliania)),(Eoenantiornis,(Fortunguavis,Shenqiornis,Sulcavis,Longusunguis,Zhouornis,Linyiornis,(Bohaiornis,Parabohaiornis))))))),(Archaeorhynchus,(Jianchangornis,((Schizooura,(Vorona,Patagopteryx)),(((Songlingornis,Yanornis,Yixianornis),(Hongshanornis,Longicrusavis)),(Gansus,(Apsaravis,((Ichthyornis,(Vegavis,(Anas,Gallus))),(Enaliornis,(Baptornis_advenus,(Baptornis_varneri,(Hesperornis,Parahesperornis))))))))))))),(Eoconfuciusornis,((Confuciusornis_sanctus,Changchengornis),(Jinzhouornis,Confuciusornis_dui))))))));