(Dromaeosauridae,(Archaeopteryx,(Rahonavis,(Jeholornis,((Sapeornis,((Elsornis,Iberomesornis,Protopteryx,(((Boluochia,Longipteryx),(Shanweiniao,(Longirostravis,Rapaxavis))),((Eocathayornis,((Cathayornis,(Eoalulavis,Gobipteryx,Neuquenornis,Vescornis,(Concornis,Qiliania))),(Eoenantiornis,((shenqiornis,Sulcavis),(Longusunguis,(Zhouornis,(Bohaiornis,Parabohaiornis))))))),(Pengornis,V18631)))),(Archaeorhynchus,(Jianchangornis,((Schizooura,(Vorona,Patagopteryx)),(((Songlinornis,Yanornis,Yixianornis),(Longicrusavis,Hongshanornis)),(Gansus,(Apsaravis,((Ichthyornis,(Vegavis,(Anas,Gallus))),(Enaliornis,(Baptornis_advenus,(Baptornis_varneri,(Hesperornis,Parahesperornis))))))))))))),(Eoconfuciusornis,((Confuciusornis_sanctus,Changchengornis),(Jinzhouornis,Confuciusornis_dui))))))));